English grammar
End up + adjective/participle, be forced to + infinitive
Report accidents and decisions with end up, be forced to and the passive.
From the scene It was banned
In short
End up + adjective is an unplanned result; be forced to + verb means no choice. -ing subjects take singular verbs.
Your turn
Which one goes with so + did + subject (that happened too)?
Options: and so did my patience · the door ended up damaged · the driver was forced to apologise
Show answer
so + did + subject (that happened too) → and so did my patience
How it works
You know end up + -ing; end up + adjective or participle gives the unplanned result of something: the door ended up damaged.
Your turn
Pick the word that fits the line.
The developer says it has been badly (blank).
Options: affected · affect · affecting
Show answer
The developer says it has been badly affected.
La promotora dice que se ha visto muy afectada.
Good to know
Be forced to + infinitive says someone had no choice: the driver was forced to apologise.
Good to know
So + did + subject means 'that happened too': and so did my patience.
Good to know
An -ing subject is one activity, so its verb is singular: parking lorries was banned, not were.
end up + adjective/participle (unplanned result) the door ended up damaged
Ramón
The door ended up damaged. And so did my patience.
La puerta resultó dañada. Y mi paciencia, también.
Your turn
What fills the gap?
(blank). And so did my patience.
Options: Nobody was hurt · The door ended up damaged · The driver was forced to apologise
Show answer
Ramón
The door ended up damaged. And so did my patience.
La puerta resultó dañada. Y mi paciencia, también.
so + did + subject (that happened too) and so did my patience
Ramón
The door ended up damaged. And so did my patience.
La puerta resultó dañada. Y mi paciencia, también.
Your turn
What fills the gap?
The door ended up damaged. (blank).
Options: Nobody was hurt · And so did my patience · The driver was forced to apologise
Show answer
Ramón
The door ended up damaged. And so did my patience.
La puerta resultó dañada. Y mi paciencia, también.
be forced to + infinitive the driver was forced to apologise
Nuria
She came down in her dressing gown. The driver was forced to apologise to her.
Bajó en bata. El conductor se vio obligado a pedirle perdón.
Your turn
What fills the gap?
She came down in her dressing gown. (blank) to her.
Options: The driver was forced to apologise · The door ended up damaged · And so did my patience
Show answer
Nuria
She came down in her dressing gown. The driver was forced to apologise to her.
Bajó en bata. El conductor se vio obligado a pedirle perdón.
past participle used as adjective nobody was hurt
Nuria
Nobody was hurt. Only Doña Elena's flowerpots.
Nadie resultó herido. Solo las macetas de Doña Elena.
Your turn
What fills the gap?
(blank). Only Doña Elena's flowerpots.
Options: Nobody was hurt · The door ended up damaged · And so did my patience
Show answer
Nuria
Nobody was hurt. Only Doña Elena's flowerpots.
Nadie resultó herido. Solo las macetas de Doña Elena.
-ing subject stays singular parking lorries in the street was banned
Nuria
We called the council and parking lorries in the street was banned.
Llamamos al ayuntamiento y quedó prohibido aparcar camiones en la calle.
Your turn
What fills the gap?
We called the council and (blank).
Options: the door ended up damaged · and so did my patience · parking lorries in the street was banned
Show answer
Nuria
We called the council and parking lorries in the street was banned.
Llamamos al ayuntamiento y quedó prohibido aparcar camiones en la calle.
Common mistake
Not were or is here. The subject is 'parking' (one activity), not 'lorries'.
We called the council and parking lorries in the street was banned.
Llamamos al ayuntamiento y quedó prohibido aparcar camiones en la calle.
Practise it in the story
Meet this rule inside a short animated scene. Answer as it plays, then say the lines yourself.
Practise free in the appSee all forms
| end up + adjective/participle (unplanned result) | the door ended up damaged |
|---|---|
| so + did + subject (that happened too) | and so did my patience |
| be forced to + infinitive | the driver was forced to apologise |
| past participle used as adjective | nobody was hurt |
| -ing subject stays singular | parking lorries in the street was banned |
More lines from the story
- RamónThe developer says it has been badly affected.La promotora dice que se ha visto muy afectada.
- RamónA developer's lorry crashed into the door.Un camión de la promotora chocó contra la puerta.